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Boy
|
Girl
|
|---|
| |
With data(n = 10,016)
|
Missing
|
Without data(n = 34,248)
|
Missing
|
Effect sizea
|
With data(n = 9,801)
|
Missing
|
Without data(n = 32,740)
|
Missing
|
Effect sizea
|
|---|
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Gestational age, mean (SD), wk
|
39.4 (1.1)
|
0
|
39.4 (1.1)
|
0
|
0.00
|
39.5 (1.1)
|
0
|
39.5 (1.1)
|
0
|
0.00
|
|
Birth length, mean (SD), cm
|
49.4 (2.0)
|
0
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49.4 (1.9)
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0
|
0.01
|
48.8 (1.9)
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0
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48.8 (1.9)
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0
|
0.01
|
|
Birth weight, mean (SD), g
|
3,088 (371)
|
0
|
3,117 (367)
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0
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0.03
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2,993 (356)
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0
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3,021 (357)
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0
|
0.03
|
|
Multipara (%)
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5,179 (51.7)
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0
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21,291 (62.2)
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0
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0.09
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5,040 (51.4)
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0
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20,455 (62.5)
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0
|
0.09
|
|
Maternal age, mean (SD), y
|
31.4 (4.8)
|
1
|
31.1 (5.1)
|
4
|
0.03
|
31.4 (4.9)
|
0
|
31.0 (5.1)
|
1
|
0.03
|
|
Maternal smoking (%)
|
1,435 (14.5)
|
112
|
6,418 (19.3)
|
948
|
0.05
|
1,429 (14.7)
|
109
|
6,167 (19.4)
|
891
|
0.05
|
|
Maternal education (%)
| |
83
| |
856
|
0.05
| |
88
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799
|
0.06
|
|
Junior high school
|
321 (3.2)
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1,798 (5.4)
| | |
282 (2.9)
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1,690 (5.3)
| | |
|
High school
|
7,233 (72.8)
| |
24,661 (73.9)
| | |
7,082 (72.9)
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23,732 (74.3)
| | |
|
University/graduate school
|
2,379 (24.0)
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6,933 (20.8)
| | |
2,349 (24.2)
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6,519 (20.4)
| | |
|
Paternal education (%)
| |
137
| |
1,073
|
0.04
| |
137
| |
1,010
|
0.04
|
|
Junior high school
|
520 (5.3)
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2,619 (7.9)
| | |
545 (5.6)
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2,527 (8.0)
| | |
|
High school
|
5,887 (59.6)
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19,713 (59.4)
| | |
5,748 (59.5)
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18,882 (59.5)
| | |
|
University/graduate school
|
3,472 (35.1)
| |
10,843 (32.7)
| | |
3,371 (34.9)
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10,321 (32.5)
| | |
|
Family income (%)
| |
723
| |
3,207
|
0.04
| |
687
| |
2,882
|
0.03
|
|
Low
|
3,428 (36.9)
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12,719 (41.0)
| | |
3,453 (37.9)
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12,232 (41.0)
| | |
|
Middle
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3,162 (34.0)
| |
10,242 (33.0)
| | |
2,998 (32.9)
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9,837 (32.9)
| | |
|
High
|
2,703 (29.1)
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8,080 (26.0)
| | |
2,663 (29.2)
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7,789 (26.1)
| | |
|
Home speech stimulation (%)
|
8,115 (81.4)
|
50
|
26,998 (81.1)
|
950
|
0.00
|
7,916 (81.4)
|
75
|
25,879 (81.3)
|
901
|
0.00
|
|
ND at 6 months (%)
|
841 (8.9)
|
599
|
2,439 (8.5)
|
5,636
|
0.01
|
782 (8.5)
|
595
|
2,169 (7.9)
|
5,215
|
0.01
|
|
ND at 12 months (%)
|
1,576 (16.9)
|
712
|
4,253 (15.8)
|
7,324
|
0.01
|
1,221 (13.6)
|
819
|
3,247 (12.6)
|
6,945
|
0.01
|
- aEffect size indicates the strength of the difference between groups and is calculated as phi/Cramer’s V and r, using chi-square and Student’s t-tests for categorical and numerical variables, respectively.
- ND neurodevelopmental delay; SD standard deviation
